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2.Basic concept
Power
Power is like
being in charge or having control over others. Powe is the ability to get
someone to do something he wants to accomplish, making things happens the way
he wants. To comprehend international politics and relations, studying the
concept of power in political science is a must.
According to Talcott Parsons, ‘Power is a ‘mechanism operating to
bring about changes in the process of social interaction’
types of power: there are four types of power. I am
describing in detail below
● Political power
● Economic power
●Social power ● Ideological power
1. Political Power
Political power is about having control or influence within the government
and legal systems. It involves being able to make decisions that affect how a
country is run, including laws, policies, and public services. This type of
power is usually held by elected officials, government bureaucrats, and
political parties.
·
Example: The President of a country exercises political power by signing bills
into law, which then affect how the country operates.
2. Economic Power
Economic power refers to the control or influence over resources, wealth,
and the production of goods and services. It's about having financial resources
that allow individuals or groups to have a significant impact on economic
activities and, by extension, on political and social realms.
·
Example: A CEO of a major corporation wields economic power by controlling employment
for thousands of people and influencing market trends and prices.
3. Social Power
Social power comes from an individual's or group's position within
societal structures, which can be based on factors like social status, fame,
respect, or the ability to influence public opinion. It's less formal than
political or economic power but can be just as impactful.
·
Example: A popular social media influencer has social power by shaping opinions,
trends, and even sparking social movements through their online presence.
4. Ideological Power
Ideological power is the influence over people's beliefs, values, and
perceptions. It's about shaping how people think about the world, what they
consider right or wrong, and what they believe is possible. This power can be
exercised through media, education, religion, or leadership within movements or
political parties.
·
Example: A charismatic religious leader holds ideological power by influencing the
moral and ethical beliefs of their followers.
Each of these types of
power can intersect and influence each other. For instance, economic power can
lead to political power through funding political campaigns or lobbying for
legislation that benefits certain economic interests. Similarly, social power
can translate into ideological power when influential figures use their
platform to advocate for specific values or beliefs. Understanding these types
of power helps to analyze the dynamics of society and the various forces that
shape our world.
Nationalism
Nationalism is a belief,
creed, or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or
becoming attached to, one's nation. Nationalism is when people feel very proud
of their country and believe that their country is better or more important
than other countries. It's like being part of a big team where everyone shares
things like language, traditions, and history. People who feel nationalism want
their country to be strong and often want to make decisions for themselves
without outside influence.
This feeling can make
people come together and work for their country's good, celebrating national
festivals, and honoring the country's heroes. However, if people feel too
strongly, it can also lead to thinking less of other countries or not treating
people from other places nicely.
1. Civic Nationalism
Civic nationalism is about being proud of your country because of its
values and beliefs, like freedom, democracy, and equality. It's not about where
you're from or what language you speak; it's about sharing the same ideas and
wanting to live by them. This type is inclusive, meaning everyone who supports
these values can be part of the nation, no matter their background.
2. Ethnic Nationalism
Ethnic nationalism is when people feel connected because they share the
same cultural background, language, or ancestry. It's like being part of a big
family that has the same roots. This type can be exclusive, as it might not
welcome people who come from different backgrounds or don't share the same
ethnic traits.
3. Cultural Nationalism
Cultural nationalism focuses on shared cultural traditions, like music,
art, and holidays. People who feel this type of nationalism take great pride in
preserving and celebrating their unique cultural practices. It's about keeping
the culture alive and passing it down through generations.
4. Religious Nationalism
Religious nationalism combines national pride with religious beliefs.
People who experience this believe that their nation is special because of its
religious heritage or values. This type can bring people together under a
shared faith, but it can also exclude those who follow different religions.
5. Expansionist Nationalism
Expansionist nationalism is when a country wants to grow bigger and more
powerful, sometimes by taking over other places. This type is about believing
your country deserves more land or resources because it is superior. It can
lead to conflicts with other countries.
6. Liberation Nationalism
Liberation nationalism is about wanting to be free from another country's
control. It's the feeling of wanting independence for your nation so you can
make your own decisions and govern yourselves. This type often leads to
movements or wars for independence.
Each type of nationalism
shows a different way people can feel connected to their country, but it's
important to remember that extreme nationalism can lead to division and
conflict. It's all about finding a balance that respects everyone's rights and
differences.
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